Understanding Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Guide

Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Characterized by the rapid buildup of skin cells, it often results in thick, scaly patches that can be itchy, painful, and cosmetically concerning. Despite being a common condition, many people are still unsure about what psoriasis is, how it affects the body, and why internists are well-qualified to treat this disease. To honor Psoriasis Awareness Month this August, we’ll explore these aspects and provide guidance on identifying the symptoms of psoriasis.

What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a long-term skin disorder caused by an overactive immune system. Normally, skin cells grow and shed in a cycle that lasts about a month. However, in individuals with psoriasis, the immune system mistakenly accelerates this process, leading to the rapid production of skin cells in just a few days. These excess cells pile up on the skin’s surface, forming scaly, inflamed patches known as plaques.

There are several types of psoriasis, with plaque psoriasis being the most common. Other types include guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic psoriasis. Each type has its unique presentation, but all are linked to the same underlying immune dysfunction.

How Psoriasis Affects the Body

Psoriasis primarily affects the skin, but it is much more than just a cosmetic issue. The inflammation associated with psoriasis can have systemic effects, impacting various organs and systems in the body. Here are some of the ways psoriasis can affect your health:

1. Skin: The most visible impact of psoriasis is on the skin, where red, scaly patches develop. These patches can be itchy and painful, often cracking and bleeding. Common areas affected include the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back.

2. Joints: Up to 30% of people with psoriasis develop a condition called psoriatic arthritis. This form of arthritis causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, leading to reduced mobility and, in severe cases, joint damage.

3. Cardiovascular System: Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. Chronic inflammation from psoriasis can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, where arteries become clogged with fatty deposits.

4. Mental Health: Living with psoriasis can take a toll on mental well-being. The visible nature of the disease can lead to social anxiety, depression, and a lower quality of life. Additionally, the chronic pain and discomfort can exacerbate these mental health challenges.

5. Metabolic Syndrome: People with psoriasis are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

Why Internists Are Qualified to Treat Psoriasis

Internists, or doctors of internal medicine, are uniquely qualified to manage psoriasis due to their comprehensive training in diagnosing and treating a wide range of conditions, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here’s why an internist is a good choice for managing psoriasis:

1. Holistic Care: Internists are trained to view the body as an interconnected system. They can address the multiple ways psoriasis affects different parts of the body, from the skin to the cardiovascular system, providing a holistic approach to treatment.

2. Chronic Disease Management: Psoriasis is a chronic condition, and internists are experts in managing long-term health issues. They can develop personalized treatment plans that consider the patient’s overall health, lifestyle, and comorbid conditions.

3. Comprehensive Diagnosis: Internists have the skills to differentiate psoriasis from other skin conditions and to identify any associated complications, such as psoriatic arthritis or cardiovascular risks. This comprehensive diagnostic approach ensures that patients receive the most effective care.

4. Medication Management: Treating psoriasis often involves the use of systemic medications, which can have significant side effects and interactions. Internists are well-versed in managing these medications, monitoring for adverse effects, and adjusting treatment as needed.

Identifying Symptoms of Psoriasis

Recognizing the symptoms of psoriasis is the first step in seeking appropriate care. The signs and symptoms can vary depending on the type of psoriasis, but some common indicators include:

1. Red Patches of Skin: Look for areas of red, inflamed skin, often covered with silvery-white scales. These patches may vary in size and typically appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back.

2. Itching and Burning: Psoriasis can cause intense itching and a burning sensation in the affected areas. Scratching can worsen the condition, leading to bleeding and infection.

3. Dry, Cracked Skin: The skin may become dry and cracked, sometimes to the point of bleeding. This is particularly common in areas where the skin folds or flexes.

4. Thickened, Pitted Nails: Psoriasis can affect the nails, causing them to become thick, pitted, or ridged. In severe cases, the nails may separate from the nail bed.

5. Joint Pain and Stiffness: If you experience joint pain, stiffness, or swelling, particularly in conjunction with skin symptoms, you may have psoriatic arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent joint damage.

6. Changes in Skin Appearance: Watch for sudden changes in the appearance of your skin, especially after triggers like stress, infections, or injuries. Psoriasis often flares up in response to these factors.

Psoriasis is a complex, multifaceted disease that requires careful management. Internists are well-equipped to provide this care, offering a comprehensive approach that addresses both the skin and systemic impacts of the disease. If you suspect you may have psoriasis or if you are experiencing any of the symptoms described, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve your quality of life and reduce the risk of complications.

To schedule an appointment with one of our Board-Certified internists, call us at (770) 475-2377 or conveniently request an appointment via our ‘Contact Us’ form on our homepage. Alpharetta and Cumming Internal Medicine would be honored to be your chosen healthcare team.